Tughlugh Timur—unlike 'Ali-Sultan, who murdered the Franciscan missionaries—appears to have been tolerant towards other religions and intellectuals and shared his Chagatayid and Yuan predecessors' interests in Buddhism.

In around 1363 he extends an invitation to the Tibetan lama, Rol-pai Dorji, who is going back from the court of the Yuan Dynasty headquartered in Dadu (modern Beijing).

The latter politely declines the invitation, however, due to the distance and the Khan's conversion to Islam.

The Moghuls (the Persian designation of Mongols) still preserve their Mongol identity during his reign and speak in the Mongolian language.

Tughlugh Timur soon dies at the age of thirty-four.

His tomb is located in Almaliq.

His conquest of Transoxiana proves to be short-lived, as Amir Husayn and Timur quickly wrest it from Ilyas Khoja.