Pope Leo has held three synods, one in 850 that was distinguished by the presence of Holy Roman Emperor Louis II, but the other two are of little importance.

The history of the papal struggle with Hincmar of Reims, which begins during Leo's pontificate, belongs properly to that of Nicholas I. Leo dies on July 17, 855 and is buried in St. Peter's Basilica.

Benedict III is Leo's immediate successor, beginning his papacy on September 29, 855.

A medieval tradition claimed that a woman, Pope Joan, succeeded him, disguising herself as a man, but Joan is generally believed to be fictitious.

Little is known of Benedict's life before his papacy.

He was educated and lived in Rome and was cardinal priest of the church of San Callisto at the time of his election.

Benedict has a reputation for learning and piety.

He had been elected upon the refusal of Hadrian, the initial choice of the clergy and people.

A group of important people prefer a different candidate, Anastasius.

This latter group has Benedict's election disavowed and Anastasius installed.

However, popular opinion is so strong that Benedict's consecration is allowed.

The envoys of Emperor Louis II force Benedict to handle Anastasius and his adherents leniently.

The schism helps to weaken the hold of the emperors upon the popes, especially upon their elections.