Janbirdi al-Ghazali, who had been the na'ib or "viceroy" of Hama under the Mamluk Sultanate, had fought alongside the latter at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.

The Mamluk cavalry forces led by al-Ghazali on October 28, 1516, attack the Ottomans who are trying to cross Gaza on their way to Egypt.

The Ottomans, led by Grand Vizier Hadım Sinan Pasha, are able to break the Egyptian Mamluk cavalry charge.

Al-Ghazali is wounded during the confrontation, and the remnant Mamluk forces and their commander retreat to Cairo.

The Ottomans take Gaza and …

…Jerusalem, beginning what will be four centuries of uninterrupted Turkish domination.

Sultan Selim, installing Ottoman governors in theses places, makes Lebanon’s princes his nominal vassals and offers peace to the new Mamluk sultan, Tuman Bey, on the condition that he accept Ottoman suzerainty.

Tuman Bay, having been in early youth a domestic slave of the palace, like his fellow Circassian predecessors, had gradually risen to be emir of a hundred, and then prime minister, an office he had held until the departure of Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, who had left him in charge of Cairo.

The Caliph Muhammad Al-Mutawakkil III having remained behind with Selim I after defeat of Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri, Tuman Bay II has now been inaugurated as sultan, but without pomp or ceremony, the royal insignia having been lost in battle.

It is a dark and thankless dignity to which he has been called at the age of forty—Syria gone, the troops in disorder, the emirs distracted, the Mamluks a mercenary horde—yet he rules well, and is popular throughout the land.

The fugitive chiefs, with Emir Janberdi Al-Ghazali, arrive in due course from Damascus, but another month elapses before an army can be organized.