The Siege of Vienna in 1529 is the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria.

The siege signals the pinnacle of the Ottoman Empire's power and the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe.

Thereafter, one hundred and fifty years of bitter military tension and reciprocal attacks ensue, culminating in the Battle of Vienna of 1683, which marks the start of the fifteen-year-long Great Turkish War.The inability of the Ottomans to capture Vienna in 1529 turned the tide against almost a century of conquest throughout eastern and central Europe.

The Ottoman Empire had previously annexed Central Hungary and established a vassal state in Transylvania in the wake of the Battle of Mohács.

There is speculation by some historians that Suleiman's main objective in 1529 was actually to assert Ottoman control over the whole of Hungary, the western part of which (known as Royal Hungary) was under Habsburg control.

The decision to attack Vienna after such a long interval in Suleiman's European campaign is viewed as an opportunistic maneuver after his decisive victory in Hungary.

Other scholars theorize that the suppression of Hungary simply marked the prologue to a later, premeditated invasion of Europe.