The Turkish War of Independence (May 19, 1919-October 29, 1923) refers to the political and military resistance developed by Turkish revolutionaries to the Allied partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after its defeat in the First World War.

The Turkish National Movement in Anatolia culminate in the formation of a new Grand National Assembly which successfully mobilizes its resources under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal.

After the military campaigns against Greece, and of the Turkish-Armenian and Franco-Turkish Wars, the Turkish revolutionaries force the Allies to abandon the Treaty of Sèvres and negotiate the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, leaving Anatolia and Eastern Thrace to form the Republic of Turkey in October 1923.

On the political front establishment of the Turkish national movement leads to the end of the Ottoman millet system and with the Atatürk's reforms creates a modern, democratic, secular nation-state, one guided by contemporary educational and scientific progress and based on the principles of positivist and rationalist enlightenment.