The Tonkawa massacre (October 23–24, 1862) occurs after an attack at the Confederate held Wichita Agency, located at Fort Cobb (south of present-day Fort Cobb, Oklahoma) near Anadarko in Oklahoma, when a force of pro-Union tribes attacka the agency, home to three hundred members of the Tonkawa, a tribe sympathetic to the Confederacy.

During the attack on the Confederate held agency, the Confederate Indian agent Matthew Leeper and several other whites are killed.

In response to this attack, the Tonkawa flee southward toward Confederate held Fort Arbuckle, before they can reach the safety of the fort they are caught on October 24.

In the resulting massacre, the estimates of Tonkawa dead areone hundred and thirty-seven men, women and children among them Chief Ha-shu-ka-na ("Can't Kill Him").

It was claimed that the Tonkawa were roasted alive and eaten by the Comanche.

There are varying accounts of the tribes involved in the massacre with the Osage, Shawnee, Caddo, Comanche, Kiowa, Wichita and Seminole being named in some accounts.