The Toluid Civil War is fought between Kublai Khan and his younger brother, Ariq Böke, from 1260 to 1264.

Möngke Khan had died in 1259 with no declared successor, precipitating infighting between members of the Tolui family line for the title of Great Khan that escalated to a civil war.

The Toluid Civil War leads to the Mongol Empire permanently splitting into four separate Khanates: the Yuan Dynasty, Chagatai Khanate, Ilkhanate, and the Golden Horde.