The Second Sudanese Civil War (sometimes referred to as Anyanya II) starts in 1983, although it is largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972.

It takes place, for the most part, in southern Sudan and is one of the longest lasting and deadliest wars of the later 20th century.

Roughly 1.9 million civilians are killed in southern Sudan, and more than 4 million have been forced to flee their homes at one time or another since the war began.

The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since the Second World War.

The conflict officially ends with the signing of a peace agreement in January 2005, yet fighting continues to the present day, and hundreds of thousands remain internally displaced.