During the reign of Al-Hakam I, Umayyad Emirof Cordoba, he crushes a rebellion led by clerics in a suburb called al-Ribad on the south bank of the Guadalquivir river.

He punishes the inhabitants by exiling them by ship.

They eventually reach Alexandria and will dominate the city until 827, after which they are expelled.

They sail on to Crete, where they found an independent emirate that is to survive until the Byzantine reconquest in 961.