The fall of the Serbian Empire is a decades-long period in the late fourteenth century that marks the end of once-powerful Serbian Empire.

Following the death of childless Emperor Uroš the Weak in 1371, the Empire is left without a heir and the magnates, velikaši, obtain the rule of its provinces and districts (so called feudal fragmentation), continuing their offices as independent with titles such as gospodin, and despot, given to them during the Empire.Between 1366 and 1371 King Vukašin is the co-ruler with Emperor Stefan Uroš V, ruling the southern half, thus the Empire may be viewed as a de facto diarchy.

Before 1371, the nobility are either directly subordinate to Emperor Uroš or to Vukašin.

Vukašin dies in the Battle of Maritsa (1371) against the invading Ottoman Empire, and southern Serbian provinces become nominal Ottoman vassals.

Four months later, Uroš dies.

The lords cannot agree on the rightful ruler; they dismiss Prince Marko, the son of Vukašin, and within a year conflicts start between the nobles.

An assembly is held in 1374, without any success; the nobles can't agree on whether Marko or Prince Lazar will head the Serbian confederation, and Serbia continues as before, fragmented and without central authority.The period after the death of Uroš and Vukašin (1371–89) is marked with the rise and fall of Prince Lazar, and the power struggle of the minor provinces.

Lazar rules the most powerful Serbian province: Moravian Serbia.

The rule of Lazar ends with his death in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, when Serbia stands up against invading Ottomans, an event that is deeply rooted in Serbdom.

After the battle, and by 1395, most of the southern provinces are conquered and annexed by the Ottomans, while the provinces of modern Central Serbia accept nominal Ottoman rule.

Lazar is succeeded by his son, Stefan Lazarević, who rules the remnant state called the Serbian Despotate, which finally falls to the Ottomans in 1459, thus marking the end of the medieval Serbian state.