The Russo-Persian War of 1722-1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, is a war between Russia and Persia (Iran), triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and South Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, Ottoman Turkey, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of the declining Safavid Persia.Prior to the campaign, Peter I of Russia had secured an alliance with a Georgian king, Vakhtang VI of Kartli, and with the Catholicos of Armenia, Asdvadzadur.

These Christian rulers seek Russian aid in their struggle against two expansionist Muslim powers - Turkey and Persia.