The Battle of Nördlingen is fought on August 27 (Julian calendar) or September 6 (Gregorian calendar),1634 during the Thirty Years' War.

The Roman Catholic Imperial army, bolstered by eighteen thousand Spanish and Italian soldiers, win a crushing victory over the combined Protestant armies of Sweden and their German-Protestant allies (Heilbronn Alliance).

After the failure of the tercio system in the first Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631, the professional Spanish troops deployed at Nördlingen prove the tercio system can still contend with the deployment improvements devised by Maurice of Orange and the late Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in their respective troops.