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Topic: Navarre, Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of
Location: Vicksburg Warren Mississippi United States

Navarre, Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of

Years: 1512 - 1524

The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre is commenced by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by Charles V in a series of military campaigns extending from 1512 to 1524, while the war lasts until 1528 in the Navarre to the north of the Pyrenees.

Ferdinand the Catholic is in 1512 both king of Aragon and regent of Castile.

When Pope Julius II declares a Holy League against France in late 1511, Navarre tries to remain neutral.

Ferdinand uses this as an excuse to attack Navarre, conquering it while its potential protector France is beset by England, Venice, and Ferdinand's Italian armies.Several attempts are made to reconquer Iberian Navarre starting right after the Castilian invasion (1512), notably a halfhearted reconquest attempt in 1516 and a fully-fledged French-Navarrese reconquest campaign in 1521.

All are defeated by the Spanish, and clashes come to halt to the north of the Pyrenees in 1528, when the Spanish troops withdraw from Lower Navarre.

The Treaty of Cambrai between Spain and France in 1529 seals the division of Navarre along the Pyrenees, while the independent Kingdom of Navarre survives in Lower Navarre ruled by the lineage of the Albrets united to their principality of Béarn, showing close links with France.

The kingdom is absorbed into France in 1620 (nominally in 1790).

"History should be taught as the rise of civilization, and not as the history of this nation or that. It should be taught from the point of view of mankind as a whole, and not with undue emphasis on one's own country. Children should learn that every country has committed crimes and that most crimes were blunders. They should learn how mass hysteria can drive a whole nation into folly and into persecution of the few who are not swept away by the prevailing madness."

—Bertrand Russell, On Education (1926)