In the Battle of Mohács, fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II are defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.The Ottoman victory leads to the partition of Hungary for several decades between the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria, and the Principality of Transylvania.

The death of Louis II as he flees the battle marks the end of the Jagiellon dynasty, whose dynastic claims are to be absorbed by the Habsburgs via the marriage of Louis's sister.