The Kofun period is an era in the history of Japan from around 250 to 538.

It follows the Yayoi period.

The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era.

The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes referred to collectively as the Yamato period.

The Kofun period is the oldest era of recorded history in Japan; as the chronology of its historical sources tends to be very distorted, studies of this period require deliberate criticism and the aid of archaeology.The Kofun period is divided from the Asuka period by its cultural differences.

Politically, the leader of a powerful clan wins control over much of west Honshū and the northern half of Kyūshū and eventually establishes the Imperial House of Japan.

Kofun burial mounds on Tanegashima and two very old Shinto shrines on Yakushima suggest that these islands were the southern boundaries of the Yamato state.