The Italian war of 1536-1538 is a conflict between King Francis I of France and Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor.

The objective is to achieve control over territories in Northern Italy, in particular the Duchy of Milan.

The war sees French troops invading Northern Italy, and Spanish troops invading France.

The Truce of Nice, signed on June 18, 1538, ends hostilities, leaving Turin in French hands but affecting no significant change in the map of Italy.

Overall, Spain increases its control over Italy, signifying the end of Italian independence.

The war strengthens animosity between the Spanish and French, and reinforcs ties between France and the Ottoman Empire, which had sided with Francis I against Charles V.