Islamic Architecture
Years: 1252 - 1395
Baibars, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, adds the eighty-nine foot- (twenty-seven meter-) tall minaret of the White Mosque, the so-called White Tower, at Ramla in Palestine.
The minaret is to the north of the mosque structure, square in shape with five stories, each adorned with window niches, and a balcony towards the top.
The minaret is probably influenced by Crusader design, but it is constructed by the Mamluks.Construction begins in 1294 on the Mansouri Great Mosque, a mosque in Tripoli, Lebanon, also known simply as the Great Mosque of Tripoli, which is built from 1294 to 1314 around the remains of a Crusader Church of St. Mary.The mosque is named after Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Qalawun, who had conquered Tripoli from the Crusaders in 1289.
The mosque itself is erected by his two sons, al-Ashraf Khalil, who had ordered its construction in 1293, and al-Nasir Muhammad, who will have the arcade built around the courtyard in 1314.
Located on the site of what was once a Crusaders' suburb at the foot of the Citadel of Tripoli, the mosque will often be mistaken for a remodeled Christian church by medieval travelers and modern historians alike.
Two elements, the door and the minaret, probably do belong to an earlier, Christian structure that is incorporated into the mosque when it is built, but the building—comprising its court, arcades, fountain, and prayer hall—is essentially a Muslim creation.
