The Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War, is a series of battles and negotiations that occur between 1876 and 1877 involving the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne, against the United States.

Traditionally, the United States military and historians place the Lakota at the center of the story, especially given their numbers, but some American Indians believe the Cheyenne were the primary target of the US campaign.

An alternative interpretation suggests that the Indians would have called it "The Great Cheyenne War".