The Colombian armed conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict in Colombia that has existed since approximately 1964 or 1966, which is when the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and later the National Liberation Army (ELN) are founded and subsequently start their guerrilla insurgency campaigns against successive Colombian government administrations.It originally begins as a backlash produced by a previous conflict known as La Violencia, which had been triggered by the 1948 assassination of populist political leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.The subsequent targeting of civilians and public infrastructure by the different armed factions contribute both to the creation of the guerrillas and that of paramilitary groups organized to fight against them.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, the spread of both the illegal drug trade, the drug cartels and the U.S.-backed War on Drugs increase the intensity of the conflict and involve all of its participants.