Civitate, Battle of
Years: 1053 - 1053
The Battle of Civitate (also known as Battle of Civitella del Fortore) is fought on June 18, 1053 in Southern Italy, between the Normans, led by the Count of Apulia Humphrey of Hauteville, and a Swabian-Italian-Lombard army, organized by Pope Leo IX and led on the battlefield by Gerard, Duke of Lorraine, and Rudolf, Prince of Benevento.
The Norman victory over the allied papal army markz the climax of a conflict between the Norman mercenaries who came to Southern Italy in the eleventh century, the de Hauteville family, and the local Lombard princes.
After the battle, the Normans create an alliance with the papacy, which includes a formal recognition of the Hautevilles of the Norman conquest in South Italy by Pope Nicholas II in 1059, investing Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Count of Sicily.
