Chimei refers, as an umbrella term, to one of the two major agrarian rebellion movements against Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty, initially active in the modern Shandong and northern Jiangsu region, that eventually lead to Wang Mang's downfall by draining his resources, allowing the leader of the other movement (the Lülin), Liu Xuan (Emperor Gengshi) to overthrow Wang and temporarily establish an incarnation of the Han Dynasty under him.

Eventually, Chimei forces will overthrow Emperor Gengshi and place their own Han descendant puppet, Emperor Liu Penzi, on the throne briefly, before the Chimei leaders' incompetence in ruling the territories under their control, which matches their brilliance on the battlefield, to cause the people to rebel against them, forcing them to try to withdraw home.

When their path is blocked off by Liu Xiu (Emperor Guangwu)'s newly established Eastern Han regime, they surrender to him.