Burmese Civil War of 1408-17
Years: 1408 - 1417
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Pegu’s King Razadarit, now also controlling Arakan through his puppet, persuades northern Shan chiefs to distract Ava’s king Minhkaung, who is menacing both Arakan and Pegu.
While Minhkaung is occupied with fighting in a northern Shan state, the Mons attack the Ava-held town of Prome in 1408, necessitating Minhkaung’s return south.
Negotiations between Ava and the invading Mon result in King Razadarit’s withdrawal, but the seizure of his daughter at Prome to the south spurs Razadarit to besiege that town.
Minhkaung, Ava’s new monarch, comes to Prome’s rescue, capturing three forts of Nawin and putting its inhabitants to the sword.
In response, Razadarit sends three hundred war canoes up the Irrawaddy River, laying waste to several towns.
Minkhaung, his soldiers faced with starvation by the invading Mon of Pegu, successfully concludes peace in 1408, arranging for an exchange of prisoners and establishing the Ava-Pegu border below Prome.
Burmese forces from Ava under King Minhkaung’s son, Crown Prince Minrekyawswa, invade the Pegu-controlled kingdom of Arakan in 1410 and depose the puppet ruler installed by King Razadarit, but suffer defeat by the Mons in the Irrawaddy River delta area.
The Mons of Pegu again attack Prome in 1412, and Ava’s King Minhkaung responds by dispatches two armies, one by land and one by river, against them.
Minhkaung’s forces are victorious until interrupted by an invasion of Shan troops from the north, forcing a redeployment of Burmese forces to counter this threat.
The Shans, defeated by forces under Crown Prince Minyekyawswa, withdraw.
Minyekyawswa again invades Pegu in 1414, with king Razadarit far to the south and threatening the destruction of the Mon kingdom, but another Shan attack in the north forces Minhkaung to withdraw his son from Pegu.
Arakanese aid enables Razadarit to repulse Minhkaung’s final attempt, in 1417, to conquer Pegu, after which Ava’s forces retreat to battle new incursions by the Shan.
Minrekyawswa, renewing his invasion in 1416, is crippled accidentally by an elephant while in pursuit of Razadarit, is captured, and chooses execution over surrender.
This reduces the war’s intensity, but Ava’s forces aid the kingdom of Toungoo (on the Ava-Pegu border) to repulse a Mon attack in late 1416.
"{Readers} take infinitely more pleasure in knowing the variety of incidents that are contained in them, without ever thinking of imitating them, believing the imitation not only difficult, but impossible: as if heaven, the sun, the elements, and men should have changed the order of their motions and power, from what they were anciently"
― Niccolò Machiavelli, Discourses on Livy (1517)
