The Bulavin Rebellion, also called the Astrakhan Rebellion, is the name given to a violent civil uprising in Imperial Russia between the years 1707 and 1709.

It takes its name from the Don Cossack Kondraty Bulavin who rises to its forefront as a sort of figurehead.

Fueled by a number of underlying tensions between the police state government under Peter I of Russia and a peasantry bound to serfdom, the rebellion is generally recognized as beginning with the assassination of Prince Yury Dolgorukov by atamans under Bulavin's command.

The end of the rebellion is associated with Bulavin's death in 1709.