The Black War, a period of conflict between the British colonists and Tasmanian Aborigines in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) in the early years of the 19th century, has gained a notorious reputation as a genocide resulting in the almost complete obliteration of the Tasmanian Aboriginal population, though there are presently many thousands of individuals descended of Tasmanian Aborigines.Because the ‘war’ is never officially declared, some date the conflict to the very beginning of European settlement on the island in 1803.

The conflict is most intense during the 1820s, which is the period most commonly referred to as the Black War.

The conflict is generally seen to have ended in the 1830s, after the unsuccessful Black Line and the subsequent relocation of Aborigines to Flinders Island.