The Bihar famine of 1873–1874 (also the Bengal famine of 1873–1874) is a famine in British India that follows a drought in the province of Bihar and the neighboring provinces of Bengal and the North-Western Provinces and Oudh; it affects an area of 54,000 square miles (140,000 km2) and a population of 21.5 million.

The relief effort—organized by Sir Richard Temple, the newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal—is one of the success stories of the famine relief in British India; there is little or no mortality during the famine.