The Bar Confederation (1768–1772) is an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian influence and against King Stanisław II Augustus with Polish reformers, who are attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.

The founders of the Bar Confederation include the magnates Adam Krasiński, Bishop of Kamenets, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Casimir Pulaski, Moritz Benyowszki and Michał Krasiński.

Its creation leads to a civil war and contributes to the First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Some historians consider the Bar Confederation the first Polish uprising.