The Second Anglo-Afghan War is fought between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880, when the nation is ruled by Sher Ali Khan of the Barakzai dynasty, the son of former Emir Dost Mohammad Khan.

This is the second time British India invades Afghanistan.

The war ends in the Treaty of Gandamak after attaining all the British geopolitical objectives.

Most of the British and Indian soldiers withdraw from Afghanistan.

The Afghans are permitted to maintain internal sovereignty but they have to cede control of their nation's foreign relations to the British.