The Battle of Andros is fought on May 17–18, 1790, during the Russo–Turkish War of 1787–1792, between Cape Kafireas and the island of Andros, between the ships of the Greek privateer in Russian service Lambros Katsonis and an Ottoman–Algerian fleet of thirty to thirty-two vessels.

The battle is a major victory for the Ottomans, as Katsonis loses five ships and his flotilla ceases to exist as an operational unit.

On the other hand, the Ottomans suffer heavy casualties as well, and Katsonis is able to escape and reconstitute his forces, remaining active until the end of the war.