The 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war (also called the 1860 Civil War in Syria) is the culmination of a peasant uprising, which begins in the north of Mount Lebanon as a rebellion of Maronite peasants against their Druze overlords and culminates in a massacre in Damascus.

It soon spreads to the south of the country, where the rebellion changes its character, with Druze turning against the Maronite Christians.

Around twenty thousand Christians are killed by the Druze and three hundred and eighty Christian villages and five hundred and sixty churches destroyed.

The Druze and Muslims also suffer heavy losses.