Zhou Enlai (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976) is the first Premier of the People's Republic of China.

Zhou is China's head of government, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976.

Zhou serves under Chairman Mao Zedong and is instrumental in the Communist Party's rise to power, and later in consolidating its control, forming foreign policy, and developing the Chinese economy.

A skilled and able diplomat, Zhou serves as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958.

Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War, he participates in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference, and helps orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China.

He helps devise policies regarding the bitter disputes with the United States, Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India, and Vietnam.

Zhou survives the purges of other top officials during the Cultural Revolution.

While Mao dedicates most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work, Zhou is the main driving force behind the affairs of state during much of the Cultural Revolution.

His attempts at mitigating the Red Guards' damage and his efforts to protect others from their wrath make him immensely popular in the Cultural Revolution's later stages.

As Mao's health begins to decline in 1971 and 1972 and following the death of disgraced Lin Biao, Zhou is elected to the vacant position of First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party by the 10th Central Committee in 1973 and thereby designated as Mao's successor (the third person after Liu Shaoqi and Lin), but still struggles against the Gang of Four internally over leadership of China

His last major public appearance is at the first meeting of the 4th National People's Congress on January 13,1975, where he presents the government work report.

He now falls out of the public eye for medical treatment and dies one year later.

The massive public outpouring of grief in Beijing turns to anger at the Gang of Four, leading to the 1976 Tiananmen Incident.

Although Zhou is succeeded by Hua Guofeng as First Vice Chairman and designated successor, Zhou's ally Deng Xiaoping is able to outmaneuver the Gang of Four politically and takes Hua's place as paramount leader by 1978.