Xu Yuanlang (died 623) is an agrarian rebel leader who rises against the rule of the Chinese dynasty Sui Dynasty late in the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui.

After doing so, he does not initially claim any royal title, instead successively submitting nominally to Li Mi the Duke of Wei, Emperor Yang's grandson Yang Tong, Dou Jiande the Prince of Xia, and Tang Dynasty.

After Dou is defeated and killed by the Tang in 621, Xu briefly resubmits to the Tang, but rises again later that year when Dou's general Liu Heita the Prince of Handong rises against Tang, allying himself with Liu.

He claimsthe title of Prince of Lu.

Tang forces defeat both Liu and Xu in 622, and Xu is killed in flight in 623, ending Xu's state of Lu.