Josel of Rosheim and the Defense of Alsatian Jews (1525)

Josel of Rosheim, a prominent advocate for Jewish communities in Germany, repeatedly interceded effectively with King Ferdinand, brother of Emperor Charles V, securing protections for Jews in Bohemia and Moravia. His diplomatic skills and extensive political connections made him indispensable during crises, particularly amid the upheaval of the German Peasants' War in 1525.

Negotiations and Persuasion during the Peasants' War

During the widespread violence and looting that characterized the uprising in Alsace, Josel skillfully negotiated with representatives of the insurgent peasantry, combining careful persuasion with strategic bribery. He successfully secured a promise that the town of Rosheim, home to a significant Jewish community, would be the last town pillaged.

When peasant forces, heavily laden with booty from previous attacks, finally arrived at Rosheim’s gates, two leading Protestant reformers, Wolfgang Capito and Martin Bucer (Butzer), attempted but failed to convince the peasants to spare the city. Josel, however, undertook lengthy and skillful negotiations, ultimately persuading the peasant forces to withdraw without harming the town or its Jewish residents.

Contrasts and Consequences

The successful defense of Rosheim starkly contrasted with events in the region of Sundgau, where peasants expelled the Jewish communities from the towns entirely. Josel’s successful intervention thus highlighted both the precarious vulnerability of Jewish communities during the Peasants' War and the significance of strong, persuasive communal leadership.

Long-term Significance

Josel’s defense of Rosheim demonstrated the critical role played by individual advocates in safeguarding minority communities during periods of intense social unrest. His actions established a precedent for future advocacy, positioning him as a central figure in the protection and representation of German Jewry throughout the early Reformation period.

Martin Luther is often considered to be the foundation for the Peasants' Revolt, a tumultuous collection of grievances political, economic, social, and theological; however, he maintains allegiance to the Princes against the violence of the rebels and takes every opportunity to attack Müntzer's ideas.

He declares against the moderate demands of the peasantry embodied in the twelve articles.

His article Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants, which appears in May 1525, disorients the rebels.

Against the of Peasants typifies Luther's reaction to the Peasants' War, and alludes to Luther's concern that he might be seen to be responsible for their rebellion.