The Prussian uprising of 1295 is limited to Natangia and Sambia and depends upon help from Vytenis, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

The rebels capture Bartenstein (Bartoszyce) by surprise and plunder as far as Königsberg, but are never a serious threat.

By this time the Prussian nobility is already baptized and pro-Teutonic to the extent that peasants kill them first before attacking the Knights.

This last attempt effectively ends the Prussian Crusade and the Knights concentrate on conquering Samogitia and Lithuania.

Lithuanian historians note that fierce resistance by the Prussians won time for the young Lithuanian state to mature and strengthen so it could withstand the hundred-year crusade, culminating in the 1410 Battle of Grunwald, with minimal territorial losses.

The Prussian lands will be repopulated by colonists from Germany, who after the sixteenth century will eventually outnumber the natives.

It is estimated that Prussians numbered one hundred thousand around 1400, and comprised about half of the total population in Prussia.

Subject to Germanization and assimilation, the Prussians will eventually become extinct sometime after the sixteenth century.

It is believed that the Prussian language became extinct sometime at the beginning of the eighteenth century.

A civil war had broken out in 1296 in Terra Mariana between burghers of Riga and the Livonian Order.

Johannes III von Schwerin, Archbishop of Riga, had unsuccessfully attempted to mediate the dispute.

As the conflict grew, Johannes III had joined the cause of the Riga residents, but was defeated and taken prisoner.

Riga in March 1298 concludes an alliance with the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which is a subject of the Catholic crusade by the Teutonic Knights and Livonian Order.

The Lithuanians, commanded by Grand Duke Vytenis, invade Livonia and besiege Karkhus (Karksi).

The Lithuanians loot, massacre, and take many prisoners once the castle falls.

The defensive Livonian forces engage the Lithuanians on the Gauja River.

The knights seem at first to be winning the battle, but Vytenis vigorously counterattacks with reinforcements from the Archbishop and deals a decisive defeat.

Livonian Grand Master Bruno and the komtur of Fellin are killed.

According to different sources, either sixty or twenty to twenty-two noble knights were killed in the battle.

If indeed it was sixty, then the battle would be comparable to the Battle of Saule in terms of casualties.

If about twenty knights were killed, it would still be in the top ten defeats suffered in the thirteenth century by the Teutonic and Livonian crusader forces.

The Livonian Order receives reinforcements from the Teutonic Knights and defeats residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermühlen on June 28.

Some four thousand Rigans and Lithuanians die at Neuermühlen, according to inflated numbers reported by Peter von Dusburg.

The knights proceed to besiege and capture Riga.

After Eric VI of Denmark threatens to invade Livonia to assist Archbishop Johannes III, a truce is reached and the conflict is mediated by Pope Boniface VII.

The conflict is not resolved, however, and the alliance between Lithuania and Riga will continue for another fifteen years.

Two German religious orders, the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, had In the early thirteenth century conquered much of the area that is now Estonia and Latvia, in addition to parts of Lithuania.

A number of small Baltic tribal groups had responded by uniting under the rule of Mindaugas (Myndowe) and soundly defeating the Livonians at Šiauliai in the Battle of Saule in 1236.

Mindaugas had in 1250, signed an agreement with the Teutonic Order and in 1251 had been baptized in their presence by the bishop of Chełmno (in Chełmno Land.)

Mindaugas had been crowned on July 6, 1253, as Grand Duke of Lithuania but was murdered ten years later by his nephew Treniota, which had resulted in great unrest and a return to paganism.

Lithuania will remain a pagan empire for another one hundred and twenty years, fighting against the Teutonic and Livonian Orders during the Northern Crusades to Christianize the land.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania had been ravaged in 1241, 1259 and 1275 by raids from the Golden Horde.

The duchy had entered times of relative instability after Mindaugas' death, as reflected by the fact that seven Grand Dukes had held the title over the course of the next thirty-two years.

Little is known about this period, but the Gediminid dynasty had been founded in about 1280.

Despite the instability, the Grand Duchy did not disintegrate.

Vytenis had assumed power in 1295, and during the next twenty years will lay solid foundations for the Duchy to expand and grow under the leadership of Gediminas and his son Algirdas.