Vitalian (died 520) is an East Roman (Byzantine) general.

Rebelling in 513 against Emperor Anastasius I (r. 491–518), he wins over large parts of the army and people of Thrace.

Successive rapprochements with Anastasius faile, and the revolt continues until it is finally defeated in 515.

Vitalian then goes into hiding until Anastasius's death.

Being a staunch Chalcedonian, he is pardoned by the new emperor Justin I (r. 518–527) and is engaged in the negotiations with the Pope to end the Acacian Schism.

He is named consul for the year 520, shortly before he is murdered, probably on the orders of Justin's nephew and heir-apparent, Justinian (r. 527–565).