Tiglath-Pileser I (Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra") is a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian period (1114–1076 BCE).

Under him, Assyria becomes the leading power of the Middle East, a position the kingdom largely maintains for the next five hundred years.

He expands Assyrian control into Anatolia and Syria, and to the shores of the Mediterranean From his surviving inscriptions, he seems to have carefully cultivated a fear of himself in his subjects and in his enemies alike.