Major-General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, 1st Baronet GCH, GCB, FRS, FRSE (23 July 1773 – 27 January 1860) is Governor of New South Wales (1821-25), as recommended by the Duke of Wellington, with whom he hs seen military service.

A keen astronomer, he builds Australia's first observatory and encourages scientific and agricultural training, but jealous rivals smear his reputation, in league with the Colonial Secretary, Goulburn, and he has to defend his conduct, though an inquest clears him.

A new convict settlement is named after him, and becomes today's city of Brisbane.