Rudolph I (also known as Rudolph of Habsburg) (German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin: Rudolphus, Czech: Rudolf Habsburský) (1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291) is King of the Romans from 1273 until his death.

He plays a vital role in raising the Habsburg dynasty to a leading position among the Imperial feudal dynasties.

Originally a Swabian count, he is the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria, territories that will remain under Habsburg rule for more than 600 years and will form the core of the Habsburg Monarchy and the present-day country of Austria.