Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1340 – 3 September 1420), a member of the Scottish royal house, serves as regent (at least partially) to three different Scottish monarchs (Robert II, Robert III, and James I).

He also holds the titles of Earl of Menteith (February 28, 1361), Earl of Fife (1361; resigned in 1372), Earl of Buchan (1394; resigned in 1406) and Earl of Atholl (1403, for the duration of Robert III's life only), in addition to his 1398 creation as Duke of Albany.

A ruthless politician, Albany is widely regarded as having caused the murder of his nephew, the Duke of Rothesay, and brother to the future King James I of Scotland.

James is held in captivity in England for eighteen years, during which time Albany serves as regent in Scotland, king in all but name.

He dies in 1420 and is succeeded by his son, Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany, who will be executed for treason when James returns to Scotland in 1425, almost causing the complete ruin of the Albany Stewarts.