Robert Monckton (June 24, 1726 – May 21, 1782) is an officer of the British army and also a colonial administrator in British North America.

He has a distinguished military and political career, being second in command to General Wolfe at the battle of Quebec and later being named the Governor of the Province of New York.

Monckton is also remembered for his role in a number of other events in the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), including the capture of Fort Beausejour, and the island of Martinique, as well as for his role in the deportation of the Acadians from British controlled Nova Scotia and also from French controlled Acadia (present day New Brunswick).

The city of Moncton, New Brunswick, (about fifty kilometers west of Fort Beausejour) and Fort Monckton in Port Elgin, New Brunswick are named for him.