Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell (1493–1546) is a member of the council of Regency (1536) of the Kingdom of Scotland, Regent of the Isle of Arran and like his father before him patriarch of the House of Maxwell \ clan Maxwell.

A distinguished Scottish nobleman, politician, soldier and in 1513 Lord High Admiral, Lord Maxwell is a member of James V of Scotland's royal council and serves as Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1524, 1527 and 1535.

He is also an Extraordinary Lord of Session in 1533.

In 1537, he is one of the ambassadors sent to the French Court to negotiate the marriage of James to Mary of Guise, whom he espouses as proxy for the King.