Robert I of Burgundy, known as Robert the Old (ne: Robert le Vieux, 1011 – 21 March 1076) and "Tete-Hardi" is duke of Burgundy from 1032 to his death.

Robert is the son of King Robert II of France and brother of Henry I of France.

In 1025, with the death of his eldest brother Hugh Magnus, he and Henry rebes against their father and defeat him, forcing him back to Paris.

In 1031, after the death of his father the king, Robert participates in a rebellion against his brother, in which he is supported by his mother, Constance of Arles.

Peace is only achieved when Robert is given Burgundy (1032).

Throughout his reign, he is little more than a robber baron who has no control over his own vassals, whose estates he often plunders, especially those of the Church.

He seizes the income of the diocese of Autun and the wine of the canons of Dijon.

He burgles the abbey of St-Germain at Auxerre.

In 1055, he repudiates his wife, Helie of Semur, and assassinates her brother Joceran and murders her father, his father-in-law, Lord Dalmace I of Semur, with his own hands.

In that same year, the bishop of Langres, Harduoin, refuses to dedicate the church of Sennecy so as not "to be exposed to the violence of the duke."

His first son, Hugh, dies in battle at a young age and his second son, Henry, also predeceases him.

He is succeeded by Henry's eldest son, his grandson, Hugh I.