Robert Gray (May 10, 1755 – c. July, 1806) is an American merchant sea-captain who is known for his achievements in connection with two trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America, between 1790 and 1793, which pioneer the American maritime fur trade in that region.

In the course of those voyages, Gray explores portions of that coast and, in 1790, completes the first American circumnavigation of the world.

Perhaps his most remembered accomplishment from his explorations is his coming upon and then naming of the Columbia River, in 1792 while on his second voyage.

Gray's earlier and later life are both comparatively obscure.

He was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, and may have served in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War.

After his two famous voyages, he carries on his career as a sea-captain, mainly of merchantmen in the Atlantic.

This includes what is meant to be a third voyage to the Northwest Coast, but is ended by the capture of his ship by French privateers, during the Franco-American Quasi-War, and command of an American privateer later in that same conflict.

Gray dies at sea in 1806, near Charleston, South Carolina, possibly of yellow fever.

Many geographic features along the Oregon and Washington coasts bear Gray's name, as do numerous schools in the region.