Aelia Pulcheria (January 19, 398 or 399 – 453) was the daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius and Empress Aelia Eudoxia.

She is the second child born to Arcadius and Eudoxia.

Her older sister was Flaccilla, who was born in 397 but is assumed to have died young.

Her younger siblings are Arcadia, born in 400, Theodosius II, the future emperor, and Marina, both born in 401.

When her father Arcadius dieds in 408, her brother Theodosius II is made Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, at seven years old.

On July 4, 414 a fifteen-year-old Pulcheria proclaims herself regent over her brother, then thirteen years of age, and makes herself Augusta and Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire.

According to the ancient historian Sozomen, in his Ecclesiastical History, Pulcheria took a vow of virginity when she became Augusta, and her sisters followed suit.

Theodosius II dies on July 26, 450, and Pulcheria soon marries Marcian on November 25, 450.

Marcian and Pulcheria are proclaimed Emperor and Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Three years later, in July 453, Pulcheria dies; she is later made a saint by the Roman Church.

Pulcheria is known to have held a significant amount of power in her brother's reign as emperor.

Pulcheria is also of great influence over the church and theological practices of this time.

She has influence over anti-pagan policies, church building projects, and the debate over the Marian title Theotokos (Mother of God).