Nicole Oresme (c. 1320–1325 – July 11, 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, is a significant philosopher of the later Middle Ages.

He writes influential works on economics, mathematics, physics, astrology and astronomy, philosophy, and theology; is Bishop of Lisieux, a translator, a counselor of King Charles V of France, and probably one of the most original thinkers of the fourteenth century.