Nebuchadnezzar I (Akkadian: Nabu-kudurri-usur meaning "Nabu, protect my eldest son" or "Nabu, protect the border") is the king of the Babylonian Empire from about 1125 BCE to 1103 BCE.

He is considered to be the greatest king of the Dynasty of Pashe (also known as the second Isin dynasty), a line which holds the Babylonian throne through the 12th century BCE.

His greatest success is reestablishing the Babylonian lands by driving out the Elamite invaders who had taken over much of the territory.

He then proceeds to push out and solidify his borders, locking Babylon into a conflict with the Assyrians.

He is defeated on a number of occasions by Ashur-resh-ishi I of Assyria for control of Aramea.

He is not to be confused with the more well-known Nebuchadnezzar II of biblical fame.