Moses Taylor (January 11, 1806 – May 23, 1882) is a 19th-century New York merchant and banker and one of the wealthiest men of the century.

At his death, his estate is reported to be worth $70 million, or about $1.7 billion in today's dollars.

He controls the National City Bank of New York (later to become Citibank), the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western railroad, the Moses Taylor & Co. import business, and he holds numerous other investments in railroads and industry.