Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Issa Al-Ayya (August 8, 1951 –  June 17, 2019) is an Egyptian politician and engineer who served as the fifth President of Egypt, from June 30, 2012 to July 3, 2013, when General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removes him from office in a coup d'état after protests in June.

An Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood organization, Morsi leads the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012.

Morsi was born in El Adwah, Sharqia Governorate before studying metallurgical engineering at Cairo University and then materials science at the University of Southern California.

He becomes an associate professor at California State University, Northridge from 1982 to 1985 before returning to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University.

Associating with the Muslim Brotherhood, which is at this time barred from office under President Hosni Mubarak, Morsi stands as an independent candidate for the 2000 parliamentary elections.

Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, which results in Mubarak's resignation, Morsi comes to the forefront as head of the Freedom and Justice Party.

It becomes the largest party in the 2011-12 parliamentary election and Morsi is elected president in the 2012 presidential election.

As president, Morsi issues a temporary constitutional declaration in November 2012 that in effect grants him unlimited powers and the power to legislate without judicial oversight or review of his acts as a pre-emptive move against the expected dissolution of the second constituent assembly by the Mubarak-era judges.

The new constitution that is now hastily finalizsed by the Islamist-dominated constitutional assembly, presented to the president, and scheduled for a referendum before the Supreme Constitutional Court can rule on the constitutionality of the assembly, is described by independent press agencies not aligned with the regime as an "Islamist coup".

These issues, along with complaints of prosecutions of journalists and attacks on nonviolent demonstrators, lead to the 2012 protests.

As part of a compromise, Morsi rescinds the decrees.

A new constitution is approved by approximately two-thirds of voters in the referendum.

In June 2013, protests calling for Morsi's resignation erupted.

The military, backed by the political opposition and leading religious figures, steps in and deposes Morsi in a coup.

It suspends the constitution and appoints Adly Mansour as interim president.

Pro-Morsi demonstrations are crushed, resulting in over eight hundred deaths.

Egyptian prosecutors now charge Morsi with various crimes and seek the death penalty, a move denounced by Amnesty International as "a charade based on null and void procedures".

His death sentence is overturned in November 2016 and a retrial ordered.

Morsi dies during trial on June1 7, 2019 amid claims that he is being denied appropriate medical care while in custody.