Maximilian II (July 11, 1662 - February 26, 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, is a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire.

He is also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg.

An able soldier, his ambition lead to conflicts that limit his ultimate dynastic achievements.

He was born in Munich to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (d.1676).

His maternal grandparents were Victor Amadeus I of Savoy and Christine Marie of France.

Christine Marie was the second daughter of Henry IV of France and his second wife Marie de' Medici.