Maximilian I (Spanish: Maximiliano I; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) is the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire.

After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he is proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on 10 April 1864, with the backing of Napoleon III of France and a group of Mexican monarchists who seek to revive the Mexican monarchy.

Many foreign governments, including that of the United States, refuse to recognize his administration.

This helps to ensure the success of republican forces led by Benito Juárez, and Maximilian is captured and executed in 1867.

In Mexico, he and his consort are known as Maximiliano and Carlota.