Mary of Austria (September 15, 1505 – October 18, 1558), also known as Mary of Hungary, is queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia as the wife of King Louis II, and is later Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands.

The daughter of Queen Joanna and King Philip I of Castile, Mary marries King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in 1515.

Their marriage is happy but short and childless.

Upon her husband's death following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, Queen Mary governs Hungary as regent in the name of the new king, her brother, Ferdinand I.

Having inherited the Habsburg lip and not very feminine looks, Mary is not considered physically attractive.

Her portraits, letters, and comments by her contemporaries do not assign her the easy Burgundian charm possessed by her grandmother, Duchess Mary of Burgundy, and her aunt Margaret.

Nevertheless, she proves to be a determined and skillful politician, as well as an enthusiastic patron of literature, music, and hunting Following the death of their aunt Margaret in 1530, Mary is asked by her eldest brother, Emperor Charles V, to assume the governance of the Netherlands and guardianship over their nieces, Dorothea and Christina of Denmark.

As governor of the Netherlands, Mary faces riots and a difficult relationship with the Emperor.

Throughout her tenure she continuously attempts to ensure peace between the Emperor and the King of France.

Although she never enjoys governing and asks several times for permission to resign, the Queen succeeds in creating a unity between the provinces, as well as in securing for them a measure of independence from both France and the Holy Roman Empire.

After her final resignation, the frail Queen moves to Castile, where she dies.